Block #1,938,759

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/14/2017, 10:27:46 AM · Difficulty 10.7702 · 4,879,111 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0f0e247cc2cc23403e1600a18bbc0bbc30e8b2648884eae760377d2c7204d54d

Height

#1,938,759

Difficulty

10.770228

Transactions

37

Size

12.73 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ac52dab

Nonce

417,994,512

Timestamp

1/14/2017, 10:27:46 AM

Confirmations

4,879,111

Merkle Root

8e5082c07ad283dd8a54a812d525a5705d9c0bcdfc4e5f15e7db91a4b8f4703b
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.451 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34512168872399547675…86740462717560441599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.451 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34512168872399547675…86740462717560441599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.451 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34512168872399547675…86740462717560441601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.902 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
69024337744799095350…73480925435120883199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.902 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
69024337744799095350…73480925435120883201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.380 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13804867548959819070…46961850870241766399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.380 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13804867548959819070…46961850870241766401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.760 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27609735097919638140…93923701740483532799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.760 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27609735097919638140…93923701740483532801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.521 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55219470195839276280…87847403480967065599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.521 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55219470195839276280…87847403480967065601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,787,028 XPM·at block #6,817,869 · updates every 60s
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