Block #192,786

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/4/2013, 2:35:08 AM · Difficulty 9.8751 · 6,602,997 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
cc4fa3a8630b4a8dc01a6d0182a11893bc29be382318465a7b102560e76c4ce4

Height

#192,786

Difficulty

9.875070

Transactions

1

Size

4.33 KB

Version

2

Bits

09e00494

Nonce

1,164,895,591

Timestamp

10/4/2013, 2:35:08 AM

Confirmations

6,602,997

Merkle Root

7388cbc579951951af75399fa85329d5ef44f4b8d228fe57d425e317610fd519
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.828 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
28281232156476671309…39988622199422693761
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.828 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
28281232156476671309…39988622199422693761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
5.656 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
56562464312953342619…79977244398845387521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.131 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11312492862590668523…59954488797690775041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.262 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22624985725181337047…19908977595381550081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
4.524 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
45249971450362674095…39817955190763100161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
9.049 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
90499942900725348191…79635910381526200321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.809 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18099988580145069638…59271820763052400641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.619 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
36199977160290139276…18543641526104801281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
7.239 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
72399954320580278552…37087283052209602561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,610,341 XPM·at block #6,795,782 · updates every 60s
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