Block #191,700

1CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the First Kind · Discovered 10/3/2013, 8:29:11 AM · Difficulty 9.8750 · 6,617,458 confirmations

1CC
Cunningham Chain of the First Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime plus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
b15643e075848baab5060aff5c11bf49c4b524a77d35723c74928afffc1d1636

Height

#191,700

Difficulty

9.874985

Transactions

2

Size

391 B

Version

2

Bits

09dfff04

Nonce

3,814

Timestamp

10/3/2013, 8:29:11 AM

Confirmations

6,617,458

Merkle Root

298f3511e8724876ed4a4fb3c51a59778fa8cc6dcac5ece1e59bcca0d15ba85a
Transactions (2)
1 in → 1 out10.2500 XPM109 B
1 in → 1 out299.9900 XPM191 B
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.941 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19413475251163718162…48376983880482314239
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin − 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin − 1
1.941 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19413475251163718162…48376983880482314239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
2
2^1 × origin − 1
3.882 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
38826950502327436324…96753967760964628479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
3
2^2 × origin − 1
7.765 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
77653901004654872648…93507935521929256959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
4
2^3 × origin − 1
1.553 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15530780200930974529…87015871043858513919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
5
2^4 × origin − 1
3.106 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
31061560401861949059…74031742087717027839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
6
2^5 × origin − 1
6.212 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
62123120803723898118…48063484175434055679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
7
2^6 × origin − 1
1.242 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12424624160744779623…96126968350868111359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
8
2^7 × origin − 1
2.484 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
24849248321489559247…92253936701736222719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
9
2^8 × origin − 1
4.969 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
49698496642979118495…84507873403472445439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the First Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 1CC formula:

1CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ + 1, p₃ = 2p₂ + 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,717,325 XPM·at block #6,809,157 · updates every 60s
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