Block #187,285

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/30/2013, 11:01:58 AM · Difficulty 9.8678 · 6,615,419 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
b0f60663ccd179ab3f1b81b5a5078b41a5da1ae04ccd4ac5768456fe368c6d33

Height

#187,285

Difficulty

9.867808

Transactions

1

Size

2.31 KB

Version

2

Bits

09de28b1

Nonce

1,165,016,376

Timestamp

9/30/2013, 11:01:58 AM

Confirmations

6,615,419

Merkle Root

d11f41ba6bcc5740f2e773a167825719cc3d9282112a1a78d546061a2fbf1712
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.765 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
47651448073221594784…76350780469677777921
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.765 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
47651448073221594784…76350780469677777921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
9.530 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
95302896146443189568…52701560939355555841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.906 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
19060579229288637913…05403121878711111681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.812 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
38121158458577275827…10806243757422223361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
7.624 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
76242316917154551654…21612487514844446721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.524 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
15248463383430910330…43224975029688893441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.049 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
30496926766861820661…86449950059377786881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.099 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
60993853533723641323…72899900118755573761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.219 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
12198770706744728264…45799800237511147521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,665,657 XPM·at block #6,802,703 · updates every 60s
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