Block #181,314

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/26/2013, 11:55:46 AM · Difficulty 9.8597 · 6,623,859 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
188bb800e8ed686c813d5f789264432d223a70b4757aea4f10867e6073fb3060

Height

#181,314

Difficulty

9.859716

Transactions

3

Size

8.28 KB

Version

2

Bits

09dc1657

Nonce

30,118

Timestamp

9/26/2013, 11:55:46 AM

Confirmations

6,623,859

Merkle Root

3a9f6f67a9afae497b4da4c29b10c7de598c614a175fcd3f8eb999e858d02ca4
Transactions (3)
1 in → 1 out10.3600 XPM109 B
67 in → 1 out1000.0000 XPM7.57 KB
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.149 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11490973502883808483…11889084158700256001
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.149 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11490973502883808483…11889084158700256001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.298 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22981947005767616967…23778168317400512001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.596 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
45963894011535233935…47556336634801024001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
9.192 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
91927788023070467871…95112673269602048001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.838 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18385557604614093574…90225346539204096001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.677 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36771115209228187148…80450693078408192001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
7.354 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
73542230418456374297…60901386156816384001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.470 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14708446083691274859…21802772313632768001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.941 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
29416892167382549718…43605544627265536001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,685,452 XPM·at block #6,805,172 · updates every 60s
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