Block #181,046

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/26/2013, 7:00:15 AM · Difficulty 9.8604 · 6,626,703 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
6ddad20d2cd865b977ff1be7cc17ca5e051bf828056ae57c43212a2ed0d6ebf9

Height

#181,046

Difficulty

9.860415

Transactions

2

Size

392 B

Version

2

Bits

09dc442c

Nonce

61,524

Timestamp

9/26/2013, 7:00:15 AM

Confirmations

6,626,703

Merkle Root

3bb5014d60b50de30689f16250ed19d1869277001392b2b70b9a7b6e0de97af4
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.987 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19876154016237653873…60660889284405114281
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.987 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19876154016237653873…60660889284405114281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.975 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
39752308032475307747…21321778568810228561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
7.950 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
79504616064950615495…42643557137620457121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.590 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15900923212990123099…85287114275240914241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.180 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
31801846425980246198…70574228550481828481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.360 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
63603692851960492396…41148457100963656961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.272 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12720738570392098479…82296914201927313921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.544 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
25441477140784196958…64593828403854627841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.088 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
50882954281568393917…29187656807709255681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,706,020 XPM·at block #6,807,748 · updates every 60s
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