Block #179,477

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/25/2013, 3:05:30 AM · Difficulty 9.8632 · 6,645,305 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
0bdfe6a58ee28032c59c86a4df2c201adff9e06a5c16a1a5eeecdeb0bfe282d3

Height

#179,477

Difficulty

9.863234

Transactions

2

Size

427 B

Version

2

Bits

09dcfce1

Nonce

118,324

Timestamp

9/25/2013, 3:05:30 AM

Confirmations

6,645,305

Merkle Root

04a040ddffd0bddcdf15706e57b4060b65b09f637526046ab265028222b433cc
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.815 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
78156132136415265541…16721182268338398721
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
7.815 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
78156132136415265541…16721182268338398721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.563 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15631226427283053108…33442364536676797441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.126 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
31262452854566106216…66884729073353594881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
6.252 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
62524905709132212433…33769458146707189761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.250 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12504981141826442486…67538916293414379521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.500 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
25009962283652884973…35077832586828759041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
5.001 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
50019924567305769946…70155665173657518081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.000 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10003984913461153989…40311330347315036161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.000 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
20007969826922307978…80622660694630072321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,842,329 XPM·at block #6,824,781 · updates every 60s
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