Block #176,759

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/23/2013, 4:26:19 AM · Difficulty 9.8653 · 6,640,381 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
dadf4309ad3412fa3bb9cd56261e74b588261f87881d309a2ec521fed3cb2369

Height

#176,759

Difficulty

9.865342

Transactions

9

Size

2.83 KB

Version

2

Bits

09dd8709

Nonce

13,739

Timestamp

9/23/2013, 4:26:19 AM

Confirmations

6,640,381

Merkle Root

7687d005a4123a458df71d569c4e6048b687dd7160429583016b570aed8b03b2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.435 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24353790441448116581…96311697531418301601
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.435 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24353790441448116581…96311697531418301601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.870 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
48707580882896233162…92623395062836603201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
9.741 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
97415161765792466325…85246790125673206401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.948 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19483032353158493265…70493580251346412801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.896 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38966064706316986530…40987160502692825601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
7.793 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
77932129412633973060…81974321005385651201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.558 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15586425882526794612…63948642010771302401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.117 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
31172851765053589224…27897284021542604801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
6.234 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
62345703530107178448…55794568043085209601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,781,155 XPM·at block #6,817,139 · updates every 60s
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