Block #1,745,155

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/2/2016, 2:01:49 PM · Difficulty 10.7193 · 5,099,675 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6bc912d03a74daab194b6d4914dbcaf5735eac1a664eda2ee53b1018da46881e

Height

#1,745,155

Difficulty

10.719348

Transactions

8

Size

7.63 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ab82733

Nonce

1,282,612,784

Timestamp

9/2/2016, 2:01:49 PM

Confirmations

5,099,675

Merkle Root

775f895642e3edd8f646706a402219826be63e27cd3f18e1f1f72b5644934169
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.898 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
18985392761092257542…04451394702116222999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.898 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
18985392761092257542…04451394702116222999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.898 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
18985392761092257542…04451394702116223001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.797 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
37970785522184515085…08902789404232445999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.797 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
37970785522184515085…08902789404232446001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.594 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
75941571044369030170…17805578808464891999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.594 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
75941571044369030170…17805578808464892001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.518 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
15188314208873806034…35611157616929783999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.518 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
15188314208873806034…35611157616929784001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.037 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
30376628417747612068…71222315233859567999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.037 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
30376628417747612068…71222315233859568001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:58,003,049 XPM·at block #6,844,829 · updates every 60s
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