Block #174,096

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/21/2013, 10:57:10 AM · Difficulty 9.8604 · 6,631,049 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
b45c3aaa5f95323954ec500f0cd69a89934dcda470fe07626e759f03c3decbb7

Height

#174,096

Difficulty

9.860412

Transactions

3

Size

947 B

Version

2

Bits

09dc43f4

Nonce

115,114

Timestamp

9/21/2013, 10:57:10 AM

Confirmations

6,631,049

Merkle Root

ee01db2d092f2492183b52dc273b81c3eb7e15b4301f5c4b8a45d9d635ea5800
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.148 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
11488030237975116804…06685237892339735601
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.148 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
11488030237975116804…06685237892339735601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.297 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
22976060475950233608…13370475784679471201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.595 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
45952120951900467216…26740951569358942401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
9.190 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
91904241903800934432…53481903138717884801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.838 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
18380848380760186886…06963806277435769601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.676 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
36761696761520373772…13927612554871539201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
7.352 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
73523393523040747545…27855225109743078401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.470 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14704678704608149509…55710450219486156801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.940 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29409357409216299018…11420900438972313601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,685,225 XPM·at block #6,805,144 · updates every 60s
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