Block #1,712,822

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/11/2016, 10:38:10 PM · Difficulty 10.6447 · 5,112,814 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
103f8a39db3944ffc381c3cf6d398d13079df7dc982fba75a320268430fde0d3

Height

#1,712,822

Difficulty

10.644717

Transactions

7

Size

1.43 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aa50c2d

Nonce

642,560,102

Timestamp

8/11/2016, 10:38:10 PM

Confirmations

5,112,814

Merkle Root

705f4acef7bc192a2dcd0cca5bf0cc0b9e811e3fa6b1b487cebd936f06557567
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.180 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11804977322725146042…06767413636049648719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.180 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11804977322725146042…06767413636049648719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.180 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11804977322725146042…06767413636049648721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.360 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23609954645450292084…13534827272099297439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.360 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23609954645450292084…13534827272099297441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.721 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
47219909290900584168…27069654544198594879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.721 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
47219909290900584168…27069654544198594881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.443 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
94439818581801168336…54139309088397189759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.443 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
94439818581801168336…54139309088397189761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.888 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18887963716360233667…08278618176794379519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.888 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18887963716360233667…08278618176794379521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,849,191 XPM·at block #6,825,635 · updates every 60s
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