Block #1,695,209

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/30/2016, 8:55:38 AM · Difficulty 10.6769 · 5,146,391 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a79d8c06fa340285c95b0adf0563e1c156a5a45d11d02ba09503f7ac43273657

Height

#1,695,209

Difficulty

10.676931

Transactions

12

Size

4.15 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aad4b5b

Nonce

214,639,886

Timestamp

7/30/2016, 8:55:38 AM

Confirmations

5,146,391

Merkle Root

b9c38b8168ac963a432901d4f68bc497315ebc4dbbe94aa5c84395e007314ed2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.398 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
73980382743034026771…28677914993832373759
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.398 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
73980382743034026771…28677914993832373759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.398 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
73980382743034026771…28677914993832373761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.479 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14796076548606805354…57355829987664747519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.479 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14796076548606805354…57355829987664747521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.959 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
29592153097213610708…14711659975329495039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.959 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
29592153097213610708…14711659975329495041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.918 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
59184306194427221416…29423319950658990079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.918 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
59184306194427221416…29423319950658990081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.183 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11836861238885444283…58846639901317980159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.183 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11836861238885444283…58846639901317980161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,977,188 XPM·at block #6,841,599 · updates every 60s
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