Block #163,491

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.248 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)

32482037181467167798…36841785834162010879

Discovered Prime Numbers

p_k = 2^k × origin − 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

origin − 1

3.248 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)

32482037181467167798…36841785834162010879

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2+1 →

2^1 × origin − 1

6.496 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)

64964074362934335597…73683571668324021759

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2+1 →

2^2 × origin − 1

1.299 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)

12992814872586867119…47367143336648043519

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2+1 →

2^3 × origin − 1

2.598 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)

25985629745173734238…94734286673296087039

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2+1 →

2^4 × origin − 1

5.197 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)

51971259490347468477…89468573346592174079

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2+1 →

2^5 × origin − 1

1.039 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)

10394251898069493695…78937146693184348159

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2+1 →

2^6 × origin − 1

2.078 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)

20788503796138987391…57874293386368696319

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2+1 →

2^7 × origin − 1

4.157 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)

41577007592277974782…15748586772737392639

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2+1 →

2^8 × origin − 1

8.315 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)

83154015184555949564…31497173545474785279

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the First Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆

Rarity

CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)

Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 1CC formula:

1CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ + 1, p₃ = 2p₂ + 1, …

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Block #163,491

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