Block #1,604,943

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/29/2016, 9:12:20 AM · Difficulty 10.6013 · 5,219,594 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
13b055c2790515b936e3f2897dd08a70f3780c3d9c9907c7f2967b5a746a0928

Height

#1,604,943

Difficulty

10.601277

Transactions

22

Size

20.00 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a99ed50

Nonce

73,144

Timestamp

5/29/2016, 9:12:20 AM

Confirmations

5,219,594

Merkle Root

2d791fc153c3c564d3d67b3d49a388b8ad96b2512ee1af9a18af23aef6110e78
Transactions (22)
1 in → 1 out9.1500 XPM109 B
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.904 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19044000140088510861…73218240488075832319
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.904 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19044000140088510861…73218240488075832319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.904 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19044000140088510861…73218240488075832321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.808 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38088000280177021722…46436480976151664639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.808 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38088000280177021722…46436480976151664641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.617 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
76176000560354043445…92872961952303329279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.617 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
76176000560354043445…92872961952303329281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.523 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15235200112070808689…85745923904606658559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.523 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15235200112070808689…85745923904606658561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.047 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30470400224141617378…71491847809213317119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.047 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30470400224141617378…71491847809213317121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,840,358 XPM·at block #6,824,536 · updates every 60s
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