Block #158,742

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/10/2013, 3:04:58 PM · Difficulty 9.8660 · 6,635,549 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
cd477584d3fbb0176014636e3c780a1afacfc39ea183843e0f61ec34e65240af

Height

#158,742

Difficulty

9.866024

Transactions

11

Size

3.42 KB

Version

2

Bits

09ddb3bd

Nonce

129,624

Timestamp

9/10/2013, 3:04:58 PM

Confirmations

6,635,549

Merkle Root

589832034c795b303f3161a87e14dff064dad7bcc4e73fef908dff2a84e73392
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.550 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
25506435765399874471…26312136208591503361
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.550 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
25506435765399874471…26312136208591503361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
5.101 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
51012871530799748943…52624272417183006721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.020 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10202574306159949788…05248544834366013441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.040 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
20405148612319899577…10497089668732026881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
4.081 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
40810297224639799154…20994179337464053761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
8.162 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
81620594449279598308…41988358674928107521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.632 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16324118889855919661…83976717349856215041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.264 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
32648237779711839323…67953434699712430081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
6.529 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
65296475559423678647…35906869399424860161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,598,359 XPM·at block #6,794,290 · updates every 60s
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