Block #158,536

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/10/2013, 10:52:30 AM · Difficulty 9.8673 · 6,644,144 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
8967dae36c3d6fda1dcd2274288f7cbda7136b9f00f7ff3d4d5fad77a883bc1a

Height

#158,536

Difficulty

9.867291

Transactions

2

Size

7.07 KB

Version

2

Bits

09de06c7

Nonce

614,302

Timestamp

9/10/2013, 10:52:30 AM

Confirmations

6,644,144

Merkle Root

b6881138a63f7f81b476392d2aac8c96876bf94fbd8b9407701dd8b5a61af9a1
Transactions (2)
1 in → 1 out10.3400 XPM109 B
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.797 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
47975419220456821460…59735245214385956321
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.797 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
47975419220456821460…59735245214385956321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
9.595 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
95950838440913642920…19470490428771912641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.919 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19190167688182728584…38940980857543825281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.838 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38380335376365457168…77881961715087650561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
7.676 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
76760670752730914336…55763923430175301121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.535 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15352134150546182867…11527846860350602241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.070 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30704268301092365734…23055693720701204481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.140 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
61408536602184731468…46111387441402408961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.228 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12281707320436946293…92222774882804817921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,665,461 XPM·at block #6,802,679 · updates every 60s
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