Block #158,146

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/10/2013, 3:55:55 AM · Difficulty 9.8680 · 6,642,735 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
6b54e90494ee6b6c3920ae98ddb0916cfce3af6050e5aabe4c49cdc7c0b95168

Height

#158,146

Difficulty

9.867965

Transactions

2

Size

719 B

Version

2

Bits

09de32f5

Nonce

395,190

Timestamp

9/10/2013, 3:55:55 AM

Confirmations

6,642,735

Merkle Root

d7d54fcbbcfb6ccc2b00db5b0ba71148bc19819e75c3a05d4f63b8139351a121
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.232 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
12328842115953100905…76678595810617031041
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.232 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
12328842115953100905…76678595810617031041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.465 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
24657684231906201811…53357191621234062081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.931 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
49315368463812403623…06714383242468124161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
9.863 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
98630736927624807246…13428766484936248321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.972 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
19726147385524961449…26857532969872496641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.945 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
39452294771049922898…53715065939744993281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
7.890 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
78904589542099845797…07430131879489986561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.578 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
15780917908419969159…14860263758979973121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.156 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
31561835816839938318…29720527517959946241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,651,104 XPM·at block #6,800,880 · updates every 60s
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