Block #158,144

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/10/2013, 3:52:39 AM · Difficulty 9.8679 · 6,645,549 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
7b69d0c9008b97f8b42f5bca6c3f2f683870eeec5e634a9f97bf182f2a6562d4

Height

#158,144

Difficulty

9.867929

Transactions

2

Size

424 B

Version

2

Bits

09de309c

Nonce

57,099

Timestamp

9/10/2013, 3:52:39 AM

Confirmations

6,645,549

Merkle Root

0a3434389f4c0780e2a7f58cc6ea242aecf14f747e64eea98c5edf614a8863ec
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.044 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
20443121248192885465…15766201655315824001
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.044 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
20443121248192885465…15766201655315824001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.088 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
40886242496385770930…31532403310631648001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
8.177 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
81772484992771541861…63064806621263296001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.635 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16354496998554308372…26129613242526592001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.270 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
32708993997108616744…52259226485053184001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.541 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
65417987994217233489…04518452970106368001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.308 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13083597598843446697…09036905940212736001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.616 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26167195197686893395…18073811880425472001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.233 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
52334390395373786791…36147623760850944001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.046 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10466878079074757358…72295247521701888001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,673,581 XPM·at block #6,803,692 · updates every 60s
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