Block #157,661

1CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the First Kind · Discovered 9/9/2013, 7:00:59 PM · Difficulty 9.8692 · 6,637,772 confirmations

1CC
Cunningham Chain of the First Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime plus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
29c51b962eb5c0b212f92e8291fa633d2d1622434ef507998e46bc464b109df2

Height

#157,661

Difficulty

9.869178

Transactions

2

Size

424 B

Version

2

Bits

09de8278

Nonce

29,340

Timestamp

9/9/2013, 7:00:59 PM

Confirmations

6,637,772

Merkle Root

14b7c042511aa1a4cdf64314410cfb3f50d01ca43f1f49e6f9e60f4d8a54684f
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.959 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
19597034301839844140…48385074231024552639
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin − 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin − 1
1.959 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
19597034301839844140…48385074231024552639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
2
2^1 × origin − 1
3.919 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
39194068603679688280…96770148462049105279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
3
2^2 × origin − 1
7.838 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
78388137207359376561…93540296924098210559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
4
2^3 × origin − 1
1.567 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
15677627441471875312…87080593848196421119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
5
2^4 × origin − 1
3.135 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
31355254882943750624…74161187696392842239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
6
2^5 × origin − 1
6.271 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
62710509765887501249…48322375392785684479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
7
2^6 × origin − 1
1.254 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
12542101953177500249…96644750785571368959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
8
2^7 × origin − 1
2.508 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
25084203906355000499…93289501571142737919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
9
2^8 × origin − 1
5.016 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
50168407812710000999…86579003142285475839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the First Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 1CC formula:

1CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ + 1, p₃ = 2p₂ + 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,607,527 XPM·at block #6,795,432 · updates every 60s
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