Block #157,516

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/9/2013, 4:34:37 PM · Difficulty 9.8693 · 6,636,855 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
e15e44ba04eff801e1143091877fb8be38a75816aad96b4aae7a52208f9428cc

Height

#157,516

Difficulty

9.869296

Transactions

23

Size

8.24 KB

Version

2

Bits

09de8a33

Nonce

27,635

Timestamp

9/9/2013, 4:34:37 PM

Confirmations

6,636,855

Merkle Root

f9e74700ce7db310c5f657a240f20bef17c99e06ca6e6f73b65d58de37ffa357
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.762 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
37628835456468925491…32249700091908258561
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.762 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
37628835456468925491…32249700091908258561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
7.525 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
75257670912937850983…64499400183816517121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.505 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15051534182587570196…28998800367633034241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.010 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30103068365175140393…57997600735266068481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
6.020 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
60206136730350280786…15995201470532136961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.204 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12041227346070056157…31990402941064273921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.408 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24082454692140112314…63980805882128547841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.816 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
48164909384280224629…27961611764257095681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
9.632 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
96329818768560449259…55923223528514191361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.926 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19265963753712089851…11846447057028382721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,599,003 XPM·at block #6,794,370 · updates every 60s
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