Block #1,571,866

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/4/2016, 11:53:03 PM · Difficulty 10.7331 · 5,238,122 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
07f9ef829faeaa01385283b7d7d52d72d361e23a0525c45afe8cd7a06237a511

Height

#1,571,866

Difficulty

10.733145

Transactions

40

Size

29.75 KB

Version

2

Bits

0abbaf5e

Nonce

111,518,489

Timestamp

5/4/2016, 11:53:03 PM

Confirmations

5,238,122

Merkle Root

0c6705853dca7d992b6f582097430ebcf6caf09243457fc3213ffd9c3ec5e6f5
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.101 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
11012213865260827482…93134981769641996799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.101 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
11012213865260827482…93134981769641996799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.101 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
11012213865260827482…93134981769641996801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.202 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
22024427730521654964…86269963539283993599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.202 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
22024427730521654964…86269963539283993601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.404 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
44048855461043309929…72539927078567987199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.404 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
44048855461043309929…72539927078567987201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.809 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
88097710922086619858…45079854157135974399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.809 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
88097710922086619858…45079854157135974401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.761 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17619542184417323971…90159708314271948799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.761 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17619542184417323971…90159708314271948801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.523 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35239084368834647943…80319416628543897599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,723,977 XPM·at block #6,809,987 · updates every 60s
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