Block #156,727

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/9/2013, 3:44:48 AM · Difficulty 9.8687 · 6,670,354 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
d88e23673fbc2d4298830baff225b3dd2aeeb1c14090076d8a8a6f7697d8ce9f

Height

#156,727

Difficulty

9.868703

Transactions

2

Size

425 B

Version

2

Bits

09de6353

Nonce

13,008

Timestamp

9/9/2013, 3:44:48 AM

Confirmations

6,670,354

Merkle Root

e3cae567a09c2c8c7cee440680fb738d52a5e61b0fe94d33915530cee441310c
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.373 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
33734037651669257553…68427961496773760141
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.373 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
33734037651669257553…68427961496773760141
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
6.746 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
67468075303338515107…36855922993547520281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.349 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
13493615060667703021…73711845987095040561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.698 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
26987230121335406043…47423691974190081121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
5.397 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
53974460242670812086…94847383948380162241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.079 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10794892048534162417…89694767896760324481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.158 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
21589784097068324834…79389535793520648961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.317 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
43179568194136649669…58779071587041297921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
8.635 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
86359136388273299338…17558143174082595841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,860,833 XPM·at block #6,827,080 · updates every 60s
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