Block #156,188

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/8/2013, 7:18:25 PM · Difficulty 9.8679 · 6,670,870 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
970affdab70a3058ab0318fe9fcf882539c518bd875902a488a7a4528992e485

Height

#156,188

Difficulty

9.867858

Transactions

12

Size

3.13 KB

Version

2

Bits

09de2bf9

Nonce

406,772

Timestamp

9/8/2013, 7:18:25 PM

Confirmations

6,670,870

Merkle Root

10af6ea0c95f9141cc7b827da85a9f54b569d4e1595c78f1c6cba0e96f566ca7
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.501 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
15018794938682102927…85853044001884365861
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.501 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
15018794938682102927…85853044001884365861
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.003 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
30037589877364205855…71706088003768731721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
6.007 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
60075179754728411711…43412176007537463441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.201 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12015035950945682342…86824352015074926881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.403 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24030071901891364684…73648704030149853761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
4.806 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
48060143803782729369…47297408060299707521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
9.612 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
96120287607565458738…94594816120599415041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.922 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19224057521513091747…89189632241198830081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.844 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38448115043026183495…78379264482397660161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,860,647 XPM·at block #6,827,057 · updates every 60s
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