Block #154,930

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/8/2013, 12:05:16 AM · Difficulty 9.8651 · 6,651,979 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
5207c7934e5ec69524e1c40b99ae5434dd64d1ebdbd8ca46a1e7edf5d014535d

Height

#154,930

Difficulty

9.865081

Transactions

11

Size

2.76 KB

Version

2

Bits

09dd75fb

Nonce

61,338

Timestamp

9/8/2013, 12:05:16 AM

Confirmations

6,651,979

Merkle Root

c2fafc06df2c4bd3c5dcd1978e10c11ccdb982e7074c4b73fd91857e7d72b791
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.659 × 10⁸⁷(88-digit number)
66599372577568089147…13127739261795812601
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
6.659 × 10⁸⁷(88-digit number)
66599372577568089147…13127739261795812601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.331 × 10⁸⁸(89-digit number)
13319874515513617829…26255478523591625201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.663 × 10⁸⁸(89-digit number)
26639749031027235659…52510957047183250401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.327 × 10⁸⁸(89-digit number)
53279498062054471318…05021914094366500801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.065 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
10655899612410894263…10043828188733001601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.131 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
21311799224821788527…20087656377466003201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.262 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
42623598449643577054…40175312754932006401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
8.524 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
85247196899287154109…80350625509864012801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.704 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
17049439379857430821…60701251019728025601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,699,375 XPM·at block #6,806,908 · updates every 60s
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