Block #1,548,836

TWNLength 10ā˜…ā˜…ā˜†ā˜†ā˜†

Bi-Twin Chain Ā· Discovered 4/19/2016, 9:58:08 PM Ā· Difficulty 10.6526 Ā· 5,266,106 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f4d7b5c5c8e60ca0ae9e16996f6440e033665cf3b7a5599a44c9568664200153

Height

#1,548,836

Difficulty

10.652589

Transactions

3

Size

652 B

Version

2

Bits

0aa71016

Nonce

973,891,603

Timestamp

4/19/2016, 9:58:08 PM

Confirmations

5,266,106

Mined by

Merkle Root

1041b450fbe0af7f8943b82cd4890a62c89be1148e3fd682cc4f70cde050f165
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.825 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28258041216006819291…97017698013409624639
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 | Upper: 2^k Ɨ origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin āˆ’ 1
2.825 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28258041216006819291…97017698013409624639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.825 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28258041216006819291…97017698013409624641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 āˆ’ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 Ɨ origin ± 1)
2^1 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1
5.651 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
56516082432013638583…94035396026819249279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 Ɨ origin + 1
5.651 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
56516082432013638583…94035396026819249281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 Ɨ origin + 1 āˆ’ 2^1 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 Ɨ origin ± 1)
2^2 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1
1.130 Ɨ 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11303216486402727716…88070792053638498559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 Ɨ origin + 1
1.130 Ɨ 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11303216486402727716…88070792053638498561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 Ɨ origin + 1 āˆ’ 2^2 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 Ɨ origin ± 1)
2^3 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1
2.260 Ɨ 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
22606432972805455433…76141584107276997119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 Ɨ origin + 1
2.260 Ɨ 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
22606432972805455433…76141584107276997121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 Ɨ origin + 1 āˆ’ 2^3 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 Ɨ origin ± 1)
2^4 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1
4.521 Ɨ 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
45212865945610910866…52283168214553994239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 Ɨ origin + 1
4.521 Ɨ 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
45212865945610910866…52283168214553994241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 Ɨ origin + 1 āˆ’ 2^4 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

ā˜…ā˜…ā˜†ā˜†ā˜†
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 Ɨ 3 Ɨ 5 Ɨ 7 Ɨ …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime Ɨ Primorial (2Ā·3Ā·5Ā·7Ā·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial āˆ’ 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,763,632 XPMĀ·at block #6,814,941 Ā· updates every 60s
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