Block #1,534,554

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 4/10/2016, 7:59:06 AM · Difficulty 10.6170 · 5,281,527 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0180594a6bb94f491143d599f78063f7fd34ec9d4fd957661f515cbc149c65c7

Height

#1,534,554

Difficulty

10.616984

Transactions

6

Size

37.29 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a9df2a4

Nonce

947,227,712

Timestamp

4/10/2016, 7:59:06 AM

Confirmations

5,281,527

Merkle Root

0e537a5e03d01da7903453824d8202a9c25f9ae6e820bdf2ee8bace693e13eff
Transactions (6)
1 in → 1 out9.2600 XPM109 B
51 in → 1 out130.2311 XPM7.42 KB
51 in → 1 out213.0975 XPM7.42 KB
51 in → 1 out321.4515 XPM7.41 KB
51 in → 1 out595.8311 XPM7.42 KB
51 in → 1 out2857.7014 XPM7.42 KB
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.602 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
46025445499318675363…11937443241829105789
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.602 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
46025445499318675363…11937443241829105789
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.602 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
46025445499318675363…11937443241829105791
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
9.205 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
92050890998637350727…23874886483658211579
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
9.205 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
92050890998637350727…23874886483658211581
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.841 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18410178199727470145…47749772967316423159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.841 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18410178199727470145…47749772967316423161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.682 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
36820356399454940291…95499545934632846319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.682 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
36820356399454940291…95499545934632846321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.364 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
73640712798909880582…90999091869265692639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.364 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
73640712798909880582…90999091869265692641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,772,766 XPM·at block #6,816,080 · updates every 60s
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