Block #153,360

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/6/2013, 10:55:34 PM · Difficulty 9.8633 · 6,641,812 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
816651b8ef8c8a3fa18035ee6936e5b7dcf1519ca4162e5009fde9388278d7a3

Height

#153,360

Difficulty

9.863329

Transactions

4

Size

875 B

Version

2

Bits

09dd0324

Nonce

78,071

Timestamp

9/6/2013, 10:55:34 PM

Confirmations

6,641,812

Merkle Root

a20c338fe65ef7b63e36931e06991f10352d479b80c3cde32d853dd25b182329
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.285 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
22854684154108997768…63527042129449070721
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.285 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
22854684154108997768…63527042129449070721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.570 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
45709368308217995537…27054084258898141441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
9.141 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
91418736616435991074…54108168517796282881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.828 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
18283747323287198214…08216337035592565761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.656 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
36567494646574396429…16432674071185131521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
7.313 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
73134989293148792859…32865348142370263041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.462 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14626997858629758571…65730696284740526081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.925 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29253995717259517143…31461392569481052161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.850 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58507991434519034287…62922785138962104321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,605,422 XPM·at block #6,795,171 · updates every 60s
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