Block #150,341

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/4/2013, 11:07:32 PM · Difficulty 9.8591 · 6,657,229 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d205b27fc68b25cbd6ee90356ed2a393f1538043fc6454f00b0848a74034402d

Height

#150,341

Difficulty

9.859070

Transactions

6

Size

2.57 KB

Version

2

Bits

09dbec02

Nonce

9,490

Timestamp

9/4/2013, 11:07:32 PM

Confirmations

6,657,229

Merkle Root

5a7e8c60ee5d20e129ad83187c17905ac7949cf25254e238717a2f45a69b45e9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.272 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
22726316266979132336…35614639720992726879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.272 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
22726316266979132336…35614639720992726879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.272 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
22726316266979132336…35614639720992726881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.545 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
45452632533958264672…71229279441985453759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.545 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
45452632533958264672…71229279441985453761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.090 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
90905265067916529345…42458558883970907519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.090 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
90905265067916529345…42458558883970907521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.818 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
18181053013583305869…84917117767941815039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.818 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
18181053013583305869…84917117767941815041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.636 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
36362106027166611738…69834235535883630079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,704,590 XPM·at block #6,807,569 · updates every 60s
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