Block #148,598

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/3/2013, 8:30:48 PM · Difficulty 9.8548 · 6,656,545 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
12d7760e0ac737deab72f7b66e589736af6f66cd2401273c4ab1272c7875bdb8

Height

#148,598

Difficulty

9.854801

Transactions

13

Size

6.96 KB

Version

2

Bits

09dad43d

Nonce

5,143

Timestamp

9/3/2013, 8:30:48 PM

Confirmations

6,656,545

Merkle Root

75c70e573e13e028750d924cd2f0b015e30ac338811b28964d4ee6b8a5a39570
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.344 × 10⁸⁸(89-digit number)
73441625144717285430…30376252540996116021
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
7.344 × 10⁸⁸(89-digit number)
73441625144717285430…30376252540996116021
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.468 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
14688325028943457086…60752505081992232041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.937 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
29376650057886914172…21505010163984464081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.875 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
58753300115773828344…43010020327968928161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.175 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
11750660023154765668…86020040655937856321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.350 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
23501320046309531337…72040081311875712641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.700 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
47002640092619062675…44080162623751425281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
9.400 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
94005280185238125351…88160325247502850561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.880 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
18801056037047625070…76320650495005701121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,685,209 XPM·at block #6,805,142 · updates every 60s
xpmprime.info is a work in progress. If you enjoy using this service you can support this project with a Primecoin donation.