Block #148,350

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/3/2013, 4:38:06 PM · Difficulty 9.8544 · 6,647,919 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
4b7e21f932d3bf056dfb9850f48bf5e6e4545154defe41e36ba11764d1735db4

Height

#148,350

Difficulty

9.854408

Transactions

3

Size

797 B

Version

2

Bits

09daba7a

Nonce

263,016

Timestamp

9/3/2013, 4:38:06 PM

Confirmations

6,647,919

Merkle Root

65a863371196f0b2021b13bcf2e4e5d1fe8d379de1401493795cd7fa35903577
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.272 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
32721667082337616145…71935551060910063361
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.272 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
32721667082337616145…71935551060910063361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
6.544 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
65443334164675232291…43871102121820126721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.308 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13088666832935046458…87742204243640253441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.617 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
26177333665870092916…75484408487280506881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
5.235 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
52354667331740185833…50968816974561013761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.047 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10470933466348037166…01937633949122027521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.094 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20941866932696074333…03875267898244055041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.188 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
41883733865392148666…07750535796488110081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
8.376 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
83767467730784297333…15501071592976220161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.675 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16753493546156859466…31002143185952440321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,614,152 XPM·at block #6,796,268 · updates every 60s
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