Block #1,483,452

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 3/4/2016, 2:53:09 PM · Difficulty 10.7282 · 5,358,128 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a30f2633bf76c48a308803029983867f470a911890f44f65705807dfd0af558b

Height

#1,483,452

Difficulty

10.728214

Transactions

11

Size

2.43 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aba6c43

Nonce

52,174,531

Timestamp

3/4/2016, 2:53:09 PM

Confirmations

5,358,128

Merkle Root

3ecb8780536321f9c857edb39d6d6c8d9e77f8fbd910685cdc60288c4dc9bf8f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.852 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38526255156540137761…60972419086167326719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.852 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38526255156540137761…60972419086167326719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.852 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38526255156540137761…60972419086167326721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.705 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
77052510313080275523…21944838172334653439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.705 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
77052510313080275523…21944838172334653441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.541 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15410502062616055104…43889676344669306879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.541 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15410502062616055104…43889676344669306881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.082 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30821004125232110209…87779352689338613759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.082 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30821004125232110209…87779352689338613761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.164 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
61642008250464220419…75558705378677227519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.164 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
61642008250464220419…75558705378677227521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,977,026 XPM·at block #6,841,579 · updates every 60s
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