Block #147,551

2CCLength 10ā˜…ā˜…ā˜†ā˜†ā˜†

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind Ā· Discovered 9/3/2013, 4:30:30 AM Ā· Difficulty 9.8522 Ā· 6,664,585 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
fc32449bea634cb455afa20eb7ddf4afceaeb58300e1ea8ee83b8277d9be8957

Height

#147,551

Difficulty

9.852206

Transactions

3

Size

1.75 KB

Version

2

Bits

09da2a31

Nonce

40,076

Timestamp

9/3/2013, 4:30:30 AM

Confirmations

6,664,585

Mined by

Merkle Root

0b817019f1a0bacc51d9deaf8bb54b15ebe4d39ea963979bffddec7316311abc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.455 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14555692606163689929…07444884652447279361
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k Ɨ origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.455 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14555692606163689929…07444884652447279361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Ɨ2āˆ’1 →
2
2^1 Ɨ origin + 1
2.911 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29111385212327379858…14889769304894558721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Ɨ2āˆ’1 →
3
2^2 Ɨ origin + 1
5.822 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58222770424654759717…29779538609789117441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Ɨ2āˆ’1 →
4
2^3 Ɨ origin + 1
1.164 Ɨ 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11644554084930951943…59559077219578234881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Ɨ2āˆ’1 →
5
2^4 Ɨ origin + 1
2.328 Ɨ 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23289108169861903886…19118154439156469761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Ɨ2āˆ’1 →
6
2^5 Ɨ origin + 1
4.657 Ɨ 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
46578216339723807773…38236308878312939521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Ɨ2āˆ’1 →
7
2^6 Ɨ origin + 1
9.315 Ɨ 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
93156432679447615547…76472617756625879041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Ɨ2āˆ’1 →
8
2^7 Ɨ origin + 1
1.863 Ɨ 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18631286535889523109…52945235513251758081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Ɨ2āˆ’1 →
9
2^8 Ɨ origin + 1
3.726 Ɨ 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
37262573071779046218…05890471026503516161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Ɨ2āˆ’1 →
10
2^9 Ɨ origin + 1
7.452 Ɨ 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
74525146143558092437…11780942053007032321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

ā˜…ā˜…ā˜†ā˜†ā˜†
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 Ɨ 3 Ɨ 5 Ɨ 7 Ɨ …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime Ɨ Primorial (2Ā·3Ā·5Ā·7Ā·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), pā‚‚ = 2p₁ āˆ’ 1, pā‚ƒ = 2pā‚‚ āˆ’ 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,741,102 XPMĀ·at block #6,812,135 Ā· updates every 60s
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