Block #1,471,679

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/25/2016, 5:09:17 PM · Difficulty 10.7060 · 5,344,608 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ff7bed23db5931932e20869a7965f931514d42f66a4196dbfb12203b5495c1e5

Height

#1,471,679

Difficulty

10.706004

Transactions

29

Size

9.85 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ab4bcb3

Nonce

198,656,125

Timestamp

2/25/2016, 5:09:17 PM

Confirmations

5,344,608

Merkle Root

2eb1ce2c2752769dc2db402df760974b8968e960a76703a7d930068bd1157d47
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.703 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17036078448665879455…86781815844113614479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.703 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17036078448665879455…86781815844113614479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.703 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17036078448665879455…86781815844113614481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.407 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
34072156897331758911…73563631688227228959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.407 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
34072156897331758911…73563631688227228961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.814 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
68144313794663517823…47127263376454457919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.814 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
68144313794663517823…47127263376454457921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.362 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13628862758932703564…94254526752908915839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.362 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13628862758932703564…94254526752908915841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.725 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27257725517865407129…88509053505817831679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.725 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27257725517865407129…88509053505817831681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,774,413 XPM·at block #6,816,286 · updates every 60s
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