Block #1,450,323

TWNLength 10ā˜…ā˜…ā˜†ā˜†ā˜†

Bi-Twin Chain Ā· Discovered 2/10/2016, 7:05:05 AM Ā· Difficulty 10.7508 Ā· 5,386,847 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
55b1b380c439aa8fc2512d51a35d29f9b7bdf47fa9bdb8aa66e59eed63b75a7d

Height

#1,450,323

Difficulty

10.750810

Transactions

2

Size

732 B

Version

2

Bits

0ac0351a

Nonce

645,420,446

Timestamp

2/10/2016, 7:05:05 AM

Confirmations

5,386,847

Mined by

Merkle Root

9a42c744ea043ac38271eba138e88c75214e2f1e2c16af60a68d8aa1af72ae1b
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.330 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23305158250921709086…12687241085615800319
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 | Upper: 2^k Ɨ origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin āˆ’ 1
2.330 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23305158250921709086…12687241085615800319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.330 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23305158250921709086…12687241085615800321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 āˆ’ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 Ɨ origin ± 1)
2^1 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1
4.661 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
46610316501843418172…25374482171231600639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 Ɨ origin + 1
4.661 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
46610316501843418172…25374482171231600641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 Ɨ origin + 1 āˆ’ 2^1 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 Ɨ origin ± 1)
2^2 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1
9.322 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
93220633003686836345…50748964342463201279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 Ɨ origin + 1
9.322 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
93220633003686836345…50748964342463201281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 Ɨ origin + 1 āˆ’ 2^2 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 Ɨ origin ± 1)
2^3 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1
1.864 Ɨ 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18644126600737367269…01497928684926402559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 Ɨ origin + 1
1.864 Ɨ 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18644126600737367269…01497928684926402561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 Ɨ origin + 1 āˆ’ 2^3 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 Ɨ origin ± 1)
2^4 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1
3.728 Ɨ 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
37288253201474734538…02995857369852805119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 Ɨ origin + 1
3.728 Ɨ 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
37288253201474734538…02995857369852805121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 Ɨ origin + 1 āˆ’ 2^4 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

ā˜…ā˜…ā˜†ā˜†ā˜†
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 Ɨ 3 Ɨ 5 Ɨ 7 Ɨ …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime Ɨ Primorial (2Ā·3Ā·5Ā·7Ā·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial āˆ’ 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,941,674 XPMĀ·at block #6,837,169 Ā· updates every 60s
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