Block #1,432,552

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/28/2016, 9:29:13 AM · Difficulty 10.7869 · 5,410,437 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
7c31cf1b574e3e0cb92bfbf4c01f179024832140b93354f08e4aea9deb1d3c94

Height

#1,432,552

Difficulty

10.786910

Transactions

20

Size

8.80 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ac972f2

Nonce

13,212,864

Timestamp

1/28/2016, 9:29:13 AM

Confirmations

5,410,437

Merkle Root

b7816787abe247f356e01cd3aa2f9eeb1d6a23a9b07389aa4019a75140eefbdd
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.962 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
39624202188358671438…66740708917702655999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.962 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
39624202188358671438…66740708917702655999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.962 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
39624202188358671438…66740708917702656001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.924 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
79248404376717342877…33481417835405311999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.924 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
79248404376717342877…33481417835405312001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.584 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15849680875343468575…66962835670810623999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.584 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15849680875343468575…66962835670810624001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.169 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
31699361750686937150…33925671341621247999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.169 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
31699361750686937150…33925671341621248001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.339 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
63398723501373874301…67851342683242495999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.339 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
63398723501373874301…67851342683242496001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,988,268 XPM·at block #6,842,988 · updates every 60s
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