Block #142,780

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 8/31/2013, 4:44:49 AM · Difficulty 9.8379 · 6,654,063 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
1f753f7ebe4f93b8c507f8cfed53dff883330fef0cb21abbf13277c337d5df18

Height

#142,780

Difficulty

9.837879

Transactions

5

Size

1.22 KB

Version

2

Bits

09d67f37

Nonce

95,010

Timestamp

8/31/2013, 4:44:49 AM

Confirmations

6,654,063

Merkle Root

a44c00841b8ad7b845159c4216374c5d85cdd7e8d60924a913359842ab14c0f6
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.294 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
12948257347689035929…38278486665601281281
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.294 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
12948257347689035929…38278486665601281281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.589 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
25896514695378071858…76556973331202562561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
5.179 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
51793029390756143716…53113946662405125121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.035 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10358605878151228743…06227893324810250241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.071 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
20717211756302457486…12455786649620500481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
4.143 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
41434423512604914973…24911573299241000961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
8.286 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
82868847025209829946…49823146598482001921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.657 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16573769405041965989…99646293196964003841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.314 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
33147538810083931978…99292586393928007681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,618,756 XPM·at block #6,796,842 · updates every 60s
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