Block #142,767

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/31/2013, 4:30:20 AM · Difficulty 9.8378 · 6,652,714 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c6fa25828ece6105b6224d8c1016b3ce3963b7398cf87c1af790ec9c6ba83aae

Height

#142,767

Difficulty

9.837773

Transactions

6

Size

2.02 KB

Version

2

Bits

09d6784e

Nonce

132,353

Timestamp

8/31/2013, 4:30:20 AM

Confirmations

6,652,714

Merkle Root

192f21dc5f001454390a367b0b03bcc2e2187e3dd163759f0e0c3b6f920016b1
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.364 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13640892458282445011…99230138040516491879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.364 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13640892458282445011…99230138040516491879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.364 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13640892458282445011…99230138040516491881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.728 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
27281784916564890022…98460276081032983759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.728 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
27281784916564890022…98460276081032983761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.456 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
54563569833129780044…96920552162065967519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.456 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
54563569833129780044…96920552162065967521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.091 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10912713966625956008…93841104324131935039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.091 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10912713966625956008…93841104324131935041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.182 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21825427933251912017…87682208648263870079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,607,909 XPM·at block #6,795,480 · updates every 60s
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