Block #14,166

2CCLength 8★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/11/2013, 3:43:31 PM · Difficulty 7.8178 · 6,813,133 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
2d23dc1bb8163be65f7739d707a9b1d07d89a62944d47e76ee860725b03c51db

Height

#14,166

Difficulty

7.817810

Transactions

2

Size

1020 B

Version

2

Bits

07d15bf8

Nonce

201

Timestamp

7/11/2013, 3:43:31 PM

Confirmations

6,813,133

Merkle Root

f731a4f37e3a9c06325b1ac294ccefe1055c71b321fa94f34ed66c5970ea24c6
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.305 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
43057138173105973404…06416777272297605841
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.305 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
43057138173105973404…06416777272297605841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
8.611 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
86114276346211946809…12833554544595211681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.722 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17222855269242389361…25667109089190423361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.444 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
34445710538484778723…51334218178380846721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
6.889 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
68891421076969557447…02668436356761693441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.377 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13778284215393911489…05336872713523386881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.755 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
27556568430787822978…10673745427046773761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
5.511 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
55113136861575645957…21347490854093547521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 8 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 8

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,862,502 XPM·at block #6,827,298 · updates every 60s
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