Block #1,415,579

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/16/2016, 10:01:32 AM · Difficulty 10.7976 · 5,426,849 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
9c0a0661621df8056a8b5e3bd30c629ce65f148ace1685092dc9d12970eff488

Height

#1,415,579

Difficulty

10.797619

Transactions

15

Size

3.97 KB

Version

2

Bits

0acc30c5

Nonce

248,720,545

Timestamp

1/16/2016, 10:01:32 AM

Confirmations

5,426,849

Merkle Root

3efe95ab52ff8f60a8acfde5eb216da92be9896024496519b428ef0826dbdcca
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.335 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13351766269719434433…57841536104490926079
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.335 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13351766269719434433…57841536104490926079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.335 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13351766269719434433…57841536104490926081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.670 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26703532539438868866…15683072208981852159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.670 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26703532539438868866…15683072208981852161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.340 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
53407065078877737732…31366144417963704319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.340 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
53407065078877737732…31366144417963704321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.068 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10681413015775547546…62732288835927408639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.068 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10681413015775547546…62732288835927408641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.136 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21362826031551095092…25464577671854817279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.136 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21362826031551095092…25464577671854817281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,983,838 XPM·at block #6,842,427 · updates every 60s
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