Block #1,409,515

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/12/2016, 1:15:07 AM · Difficulty 10.8062 · 5,398,868 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d4a9ae85ede23036cb430bb045bcc1e8695dd7095f287b0b89931d3dbedb17fb

Height

#1,409,515

Difficulty

10.806215

Transactions

6

Size

6.86 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ace6419

Nonce

1,385,855,678

Timestamp

1/12/2016, 1:15:07 AM

Confirmations

5,398,868

Merkle Root

bafa73d7cba9574f3e7ac36a04fc298697b9b27dfa07c366e3f06db61e381f59
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.326 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
73263826071417997565…56272628971272683519
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.326 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
73263826071417997565…56272628971272683519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.326 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
73263826071417997565…56272628971272683521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.465 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14652765214283599513…12545257942545367039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.465 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14652765214283599513…12545257942545367041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.930 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29305530428567199026…25090515885090734079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.930 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29305530428567199026…25090515885090734081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.861 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58611060857134398052…50181031770181468159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.861 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58611060857134398052…50181031770181468161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.172 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11722212171426879610…00362063540362936319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.172 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11722212171426879610…00362063540362936321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,711,118 XPM·at block #6,808,382 · updates every 60s
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