Block #140,873

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 8/29/2013, 10:36:18 PM · Difficulty 9.8345 · 6,665,212 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
3e78ff4e86f0f007750b602f43ec83524413711f43d1ce358ee0a2515498f38d

Height

#140,873

Difficulty

9.834499

Transactions

7

Size

1.74 KB

Version

2

Bits

09d5a1b8

Nonce

147,671

Timestamp

8/29/2013, 10:36:18 PM

Confirmations

6,665,212

Merkle Root

544a46448059e1cf2cae1276ae96a987ccca05ddbbaab28867b3a4be74fb9368
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.988 × 10⁸⁸(89-digit number)
19883114520720061799…73837604399810808501
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.988 × 10⁸⁸(89-digit number)
19883114520720061799…73837604399810808501
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.976 × 10⁸⁸(89-digit number)
39766229041440123599…47675208799621617001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
7.953 × 10⁸⁸(89-digit number)
79532458082880247199…95350417599243234001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.590 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
15906491616576049439…90700835198486468001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.181 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
31812983233152098879…81401670396972936001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.362 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
63625966466304197759…62803340793945872001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.272 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
12725193293260839551…25606681587891744001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.545 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
25450386586521679103…51213363175783488001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.090 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
50900773173043358207…02426726351566976001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,692,752 XPM·at block #6,806,084 · updates every 60s
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