Block #1,404,239

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/8/2016, 9:37:37 AM · Difficulty 10.8053 · 5,409,850 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1fd5cef1242915eecb44f135a9cbffdc633f2454ddf4734106d908fa00ddc47d

Height

#1,404,239

Difficulty

10.805251

Transactions

30

Size

14.14 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ace24ed

Nonce

709,659,250

Timestamp

1/8/2016, 9:37:37 AM

Confirmations

5,409,850

Merkle Root

2201efa18c3049344fa8ade75586d48a41a641591e7507c2cc66ac0a193f295e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.693 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36936430724088943271…93012041568455495679
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.693 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36936430724088943271…93012041568455495679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.693 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36936430724088943271…93012041568455495681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.387 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
73872861448177886542…86024083136910991359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.387 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
73872861448177886542…86024083136910991361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.477 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14774572289635577308…72048166273821982719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.477 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14774572289635577308…72048166273821982721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.954 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
29549144579271154616…44096332547643965439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.954 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
29549144579271154616…44096332547643965441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.909 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
59098289158542309233…88192665095287930879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.909 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
59098289158542309233…88192665095287930881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,756,793 XPM·at block #6,814,088 · updates every 60s
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