Block #138,991

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 8/28/2013, 5:47:13 PM · Difficulty 9.8293 · 6,670,688 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
e691e9edd22ed82b64adc479f79a83121d8bd2f1d6aaf40013cda83eca4379d1

Height

#138,991

Difficulty

9.829270

Transactions

9

Size

2.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

09d44b12

Nonce

205

Timestamp

8/28/2013, 5:47:13 PM

Confirmations

6,670,688

Merkle Root

076c45a67419d56ee96970ac37cfb16bb5154299e859503981b3147e86c53496
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.832 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18324982587897367938…01432872815826904601
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.832 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18324982587897367938…01432872815826904601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.664 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
36649965175794735876…02865745631653809201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
7.329 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
73299930351589471752…05731491263307618401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.465 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14659986070317894350…11462982526615236801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.931 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
29319972140635788700…22925965053230473601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.863 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
58639944281271577401…45851930106460947201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.172 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11727988856254315480…91703860212921894401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.345 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
23455977712508630960…83407720425843788801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.691 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
46911955425017261921…66815440851687577601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
9.382 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
93823910850034523842…33630881703375155201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,721,506 XPM·at block #6,809,678 · updates every 60s
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