Block #1,383,737

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/25/2015, 1:23:38 AM · Difficulty 10.8104 · 5,432,891 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
01d522663102caa316a92da81206a153641780ddb494dd8022e34f745898969b

Height

#1,383,737

Difficulty

10.810379

Transactions

47

Size

19.32 KB

Version

2

Bits

0acf74fb

Nonce

581,390,977

Timestamp

12/25/2015, 1:23:38 AM

Confirmations

5,432,891

Merkle Root

9936e73bebd045e980bedb57a537377b87340221ddfe26e814bfb79d9df99d1e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.275 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
62755145504537859569…53373347980372643839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.275 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
62755145504537859569…53373347980372643839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.275 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
62755145504537859569…53373347980372643841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.255 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12551029100907571913…06746695960745287679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.255 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12551029100907571913…06746695960745287681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.510 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
25102058201815143827…13493391921490575359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.510 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
25102058201815143827…13493391921490575361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.020 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
50204116403630287655…26986783842981150719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.020 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
50204116403630287655…26986783842981150721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.004 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10040823280726057531…53973567685962301439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.004 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10040823280726057531…53973567685962301441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.008 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
20081646561452115062…07947135371924602879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,777,145 XPM·at block #6,816,627 · updates every 60s
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