Block #1,366,137

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/12/2015, 3:06:31 AM · Difficulty 10.8445 · 5,460,870 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2272baf59f6c84622bdad7756d9e74a72c9abd0e31167844fd7fb7bcaab1491c

Height

#1,366,137

Difficulty

10.844502

Transactions

9

Size

3.02 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ad83142

Nonce

953,492,996

Timestamp

12/12/2015, 3:06:31 AM

Confirmations

5,460,870

Merkle Root

c9035775ba04698125f3a017291c35a56630659aee3e25742b332e8da2162a32
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.423 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14232864583515819130…79054430753950064639
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.423 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14232864583515819130…79054430753950064639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.423 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14232864583515819130…79054430753950064641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.846 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
28465729167031638260…58108861507900129279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.846 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
28465729167031638260…58108861507900129281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.693 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
56931458334063276520…16217723015800258559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.693 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
56931458334063276520…16217723015800258561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.138 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11386291666812655304…32435446031600517119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.138 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11386291666812655304…32435446031600517121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.277 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22772583333625310608…64870892063201034239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.277 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22772583333625310608…64870892063201034241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,860,232 XPM·at block #6,827,006 · updates every 60s
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