Block #135,334

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/26/2013, 1:46:47 PM · Difficulty 9.8100 · 6,669,810 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
44b0b90e4725480a411fb23b7f9f0de420f2b2d8c75944af0c1c730da021bb89

Height

#135,334

Difficulty

9.809953

Transactions

11

Size

3.96 KB

Version

2

Bits

09cf590e

Nonce

43,429

Timestamp

8/26/2013, 1:46:47 PM

Confirmations

6,669,810

Merkle Root

0dde66223daab232e7aeec4993246d2a934afd5e3a09edbdf718e5508d08ab86
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.100 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31005571256233281183…12735302728833618399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.100 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31005571256233281183…12735302728833618399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.100 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31005571256233281183…12735302728833618401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.201 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
62011142512466562367…25470605457667236799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.201 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
62011142512466562367…25470605457667236801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.240 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12402228502493312473…50941210915334473599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.240 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12402228502493312473…50941210915334473601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.480 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24804457004986624946…01882421830668947199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.480 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24804457004986624946…01882421830668947201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.960 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
49608914009973249893…03764843661337894399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.960 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
49608914009973249893…03764843661337894401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,685,217 XPM·at block #6,805,143 · updates every 60s
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