Block #1,350,583

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/2/2015, 4:23:20 AM · Difficulty 10.8007 · 5,474,378 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2fb47d7d4b66dd8c10064d2844c9accf721107167ee046a28713dd4be4625c45

Height

#1,350,583

Difficulty

10.800725

Transactions

42

Size

13.91 KB

Version

2

Bits

0accfc51

Nonce

2,132,521,550

Timestamp

12/2/2015, 4:23:20 AM

Confirmations

5,474,378

Merkle Root

fa9fe4b93a47400964bc2989f8d6f0f07ad134f95ab6b8ea16b329cd97a307c0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.403 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
14030009610199415617…76476117811235774719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.403 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
14030009610199415617…76476117811235774719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.403 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
14030009610199415617…76476117811235774721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.806 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
28060019220398831234…52952235622471549439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.806 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
28060019220398831234…52952235622471549441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.612 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
56120038440797662468…05904471244943098879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.612 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
56120038440797662468…05904471244943098881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.122 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11224007688159532493…11808942489886197759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.122 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11224007688159532493…11808942489886197761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.244 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22448015376319064987…23617884979772395519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.244 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22448015376319064987…23617884979772395521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.489 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
44896030752638129974…47235769959544791039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,843,768 XPM·at block #6,824,960 · updates every 60s
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