Block #134,798

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/26/2013, 6:13:19 AM · Difficulty 9.8068 · 6,674,708 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e20a4e5b9d3dfbbcb95af925c6f37a9587d479c5f61d1fe8b36f7c72e2775274

Height

#134,798

Difficulty

9.806841

Transactions

6

Size

1.44 KB

Version

2

Bits

09ce8d23

Nonce

152,746

Timestamp

8/26/2013, 6:13:19 AM

Confirmations

6,674,708

Merkle Root

df9c90c98b1508a90bb7fc4c0734d713807db0d97d737970844f97d635773722
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.181 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
31813357144430909953…65250423953514111999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.181 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
31813357144430909953…65250423953514111999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.181 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
31813357144430909953…65250423953514112001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.362 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
63626714288861819907…30500847907028223999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.362 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
63626714288861819907…30500847907028224001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.272 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12725342857772363981…61001695814056447999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.272 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12725342857772363981…61001695814056448001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.545 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25450685715544727963…22003391628112895999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.545 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25450685715544727963…22003391628112896001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.090 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
50901371431089455926…44006783256225791999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.090 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
50901371431089455926…44006783256225792001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,720,122 XPM·at block #6,809,505 · updates every 60s
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