Block #133,842

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 8/25/2013, 6:06:17 PM · Difficulty 9.7978 · 6,661,521 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
223ba73d4e65bae41352d31c4925119da2469e7f0ef0e8bef07216d0484a3abc

Height

#133,842

Difficulty

9.797824

Transactions

9

Size

2.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

09cc3e31

Nonce

750,434

Timestamp

8/25/2013, 6:06:17 PM

Confirmations

6,661,521

Merkle Root

eb4cc1385c5a28e490e8139939698a829d204a5b078142588e160f4bd404c09a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.213 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
32135453893362984670…82290517997697849591
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.213 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
32135453893362984670…82290517997697849591
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
6.427 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
64270907786725969341…64581035995395699181
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.285 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12854181557345193868…29162071990791398361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.570 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
25708363114690387736…58324143981582796721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
5.141 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
51416726229380775472…16648287963165593441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.028 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10283345245876155094…33296575926331186881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.056 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
20566690491752310189…66593151852662373761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.113 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
41133380983504620378…33186303705324747521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
8.226 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
82266761967009240756…66372607410649495041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,606,959 XPM·at block #6,795,362 · updates every 60s
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