Block #129,837

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 8/23/2013, 4:34:54 AM · Difficulty 9.7847 · 6,687,257 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
569545806e9b7e9fd3859d72f25089d3fd85d1152cdbcc1e25c8bac818e08100

Height

#129,837

Difficulty

9.784722

Transactions

8

Size

2.03 KB

Version

2

Bits

09c8e386

Nonce

309,152

Timestamp

8/23/2013, 4:34:54 AM

Confirmations

6,687,257

Merkle Root

c58e6533b68aaea2e6e1ec062d112fc9ccf7a62260635f7e174be0174ff877ec
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.274 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
32742793520457710357…06772027534590800001
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.274 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
32742793520457710357…06772027534590800001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
6.548 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
65485587040915420714…13544055069181600001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.309 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13097117408183084142…27088110138363200001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.619 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
26194234816366168285…54176220276726400001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
5.238 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
52388469632732336571…08352440553452800001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.047 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10477693926546467314…16704881106905600001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.095 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
20955387853092934628…33409762213811200001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.191 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
41910775706185869257…66819524427622400001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
8.382 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
83821551412371738514…33639048855244800001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,780,789 XPM·at block #6,817,093 · updates every 60s
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